To install such a system you will need the following:
- Ubuntu 8.04 LTS server CD, available here: ftp://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/hardy/ubuntu-8.04-server-i386.iso
- a fast internet connection.
Make sure Ubuntu instalation running success.
Now we will prepare to install all software for ISPConfig deployment
Type sudo -i on console , and type your root password
1. Install The SSH Server (Optional)
If you did not install the OpenSSH server during the system installation, you can do it now:
apt-get install ssh openssh-server
From now on you can use an SSH client such as PuTTY and connect from your workstation to your Ubuntu 8.04 LTS server and follow the remaining steps from this tutorial.
2. Install vim-full (Optional)
I’ll use vi as my text editor in this tutorial. The default vi program has some strange behaviour on Ubuntu and Debian; to fix this, we install vim-full:
apt-get install vim-full
(You don’t have to do this if you use a different text editor such as joe or nano.)
3. Configure The Network
Because the Ubuntu installer has configured our system to get its network settings via DHCP, we have to change that now because a server should have a static IP address. Edit /etc/network/interfaces and adjust it to your needs (in this example setup I will use the IP address 192.168.0.100):
vi /etc/network/interfaces
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
|
Then restart your network:
/etc/init.d/networking restart
Then edit /etc/hosts. Make it look like this:
vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 192.168.0.100 hosting.unila.ac.id hosting # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters ff02::3 ip6-allhosts |
Now run
echo hosting.unila.ac.id > /etc/hostname
/etc/init.d/hostname.sh start
Afterwards, run
hostname
hostname -f
Both should show hosting.unila.ac.id now.
4. Edit /etc/apt/sources.list And Update Your Linux Installation
Edit /etc/apt/sources.list. Comment out or remove the installation CD from the file and make sure that the universe and multiverse repositories are enabled. It should look like this:
My Repository Update is pointing to kambing.ui.edu located on INHERENT.
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
## REPOSITORY UTAMA
deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse## INI UNTUK MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES
deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse## INI UNTUK UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.ui.edu/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
apt-get update
to update the apt package database and
apt-get upgrade
to install the latest updates (if there are any).
5. Change The Default Shell
/bin/sh is a symlink to /bin/dash, however we need /bin/bash, not /bin/dash. Therefore we do this:
ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
If you don’t do this, the ISPConfig installation will fail.
6. Disable AppArmor
AppArmor is a security extension (similar to SELinux) that should provide extended security. In my opinion you don’t need it to configure a secure system, and it usually causes more problems than advantages (think of it after you have done a week of trouble-shooting because some service wasn’t working as expected, and then you find out that everything was ok, only AppArmor was causing the problem). Therefore I disable it (this is a must if you want to install ISPConfig later on).
We can disable it like this:
/etc/init.d/apparmor stop
update-rc.d -f apparmor remove
Till told me that he also had to do this step (which was not necessary on my installation), so if you want to go sure, do this on your system as well:
apt-get remove apparmor apparmor-utils
7. Install Some Software
Now we install a few packages that are needed later on. Run
apt-get install binutils cpp fetchmail flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl libdb4.3-dev libpcre3 libpopt-dev lynx m4 make ncftp nmap openssl perl perl-modules unzip zip zlib1g-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool bison autotools-dev g++ build-essential
(This command must go into one line!)
8. Quota
(If you have chosen a different partitioning scheme than I did, you must adjust this chapter so that quota applies to the partitions where you need it.)
To install quota, run
apt-get install quota
Edit /etc/fstab. Mine looks like this (I added ,usrquota,grpquota to the partition with the mount point /):
vi /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 # /dev/sda1 UUID=6af53069-0d51-49be-b275-aeaea8d780c5 / ext3 relatime,errors=remount-ro,usrquota,grpquota 0 1 # /dev/sda5 UUID=d8e1f66c-1442-423e-b442-8ae66eded9d7 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/scd0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 auto rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0 0 |
To enable quota, run these commands:
touch /quota.user /quota.group
chmod 600 /quota.*
mount -o remount /
quotacheck -avugm
quotaon -avug
9. DNS Server
Run
apt-get install bind9
For security reasons we want to run BIND chrooted so we have to do the following steps:
/etc/init.d/bind9 stop
Edit the file /etc/default/bind9 so that the daemon will run as the unprivileged user bind, chrooted to /var/lib/named. Modify the line: OPTIONS=”-u bind” so that it reads OPTIONS=”-u bind -t /var/lib/named”:
vi /etc/default/bind9
OPTIONS="-u bind -t /var/lib/named" # Set RESOLVCONF=no to not run resolvconf RESOLVCONF=yes |
Create the necessary directories under /var/lib:
mkdir -p /var/lib/named/etc
mkdir /var/lib/named/dev
mkdir -p /var/lib/named/var/cache/bind
mkdir -p /var/lib/named/var/run/bind/run
Then move the config directory from /etc to /var/lib/named/etc:
mv /etc/bind /var/lib/named/etc
Create a symlink to the new config directory from the old location (to avoid problems when bind gets updated in the future):
ln -s /var/lib/named/etc/bind /etc/bind
Make null and random devices, and fix permissions of the directories:
mknod /var/lib/named/dev/null c 1 3
mknod /var/lib/named/dev/random c 1 8
chmod 666 /var/lib/named/dev/null /var/lib/named/dev/random
chown -R bind:bind /var/lib/named/var/*
chown -R bind:bind /var/lib/named/etc/bind
We need to modify /etc/default/syslogd so that we can still get important messages logged to the system logs. Modify the line: SYSLOGD=”” so that it reads: SYSLOGD=”-a /var/lib/named/dev/log”:
vi /etc/default/syslogd
# # Top configuration file for syslogd # # # Full documentation of possible arguments are found in the manpage # syslogd(8). # # # For remote UDP logging use SYSLOGD="-r" # SYSLOGD="-a /var/lib/named/dev/log"
etc/init.d/sysklogd restart
Start up BIND, and check /var/log/syslog for errors:
/etc/init.d/bind9 start
10. MySQL
In order to install MySQL, we run
apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client libmysqlclient15-dev
You will be asked to provide a password for the MySQL root user – this password is valid for the user root@localhost as well as // <![CDATA[
var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to';
var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '=';
var addy91680 = 'root' + '@';
addy91680 = addy91680 + 'hosting' + '.' + 'unila' + '.' + 'ac' + '.' + 'id';
document.write( '‘ );
document.write( addy91680 );
document.write( ” );
// ]]>root@hosting.unila.ac.id
This email address is being protected from spam bots, you need Javascript enabled to view it
, so we don’t have to specify a MySQL root password manually later on (as was the case with previous Ubuntu versions):
New password for the MySQL “root” user: <– yourrootsqlpassword
Repeat password for the MySQL “root” user: <– yourrootsqlpassword
We want MySQL to listen on all interfaces, not just localhost, therefore we edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf and comment out the line bind-address = 127.0.0.1:
vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[...] # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. #bind-address = 127.0.0.1 [...] |
Then we restart MySQL:
/etc/init.d/mysql restart
Now check that networking is enabled. Run
netstat -tap | grep mysql
The output should look like this:
root@hosting:~# netstat -tap | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 *:mysql *:* LISTEN 5869/mysqld
root@hosting:~#
11. Postfix With SMTP-AUTH And TLS
In order to install Postfix with SMTP-AUTH and TLS do the following steps:
apt-get install postfix libsasl2-2 sasl2-bin libsasl2-modules procmail
You will be asked two questions. Answer as follows:
General type of mail configuration: <– Internet Site
System mail name: <– hosting.unila.ac.id
Then run
dpkg-reconfigure postfix
Again, you’ll be asked some questions:
General type of mail configuration: <– Internet Site
System mail name: <– hosting.unila.ac.id
Root and postmaster mail recipient: <– [blank]
Other destinations to accept mail for (blank for none): <– hosting.unila.ac.id, localhost.example.com, localhost.localdomain, localhost
Force synchronous updates on mail queue? <– No
Local networks: <– 127.0.0.0/8
Use procmail for local delivery? <– Yes
Mailbox size limit (bytes): <– 0
Local address extension character: <– +
Internet protocols to use: <– all
Next, do this:
postconf -e ‘smtpd_sasl_local_domain =’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous’
postconf -e ‘broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination’
postconf -e ‘inet_interfaces = all’
echo ‘pwcheck_method: saslauthd’ >> /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf
echo ‘mech_list: plain login’ >> /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf
Afterwards we create the certificates for TLS:
mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl
cd /etc/postfix/ssl/
openssl genrsa -des3 -rand /etc/hosts -out smtpd.key 1024
chmod 600 smtpd.key
openssl req -new -key smtpd.key -out smtpd.csropenssl x509 -req -days 3650 -in smtpd.csr -signkey smtpd.key -out smtpd.crt
openssl rsa -in smtpd.key -out smtpd.key.unencrypted
mv -f smtpd.key.unencrypted smtpd.key
openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
Next we configure Postfix for TLS (make sure that you use the correct hostname for myhostname):
postconf -e ‘myhostname = hosting.unila.ac.id’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_auth_only = no’
postconf -e ‘smtp_use_tls = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_use_tls = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_received_header = yes’
postconf -e ‘smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s’
postconf -e ‘tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom’
The file /etc/postfix/main.cf should now look like this:
cat /etc/postfix/main.cf
# See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version
# Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first
# line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default
# is /etc/mailname.
#myorigin = /etc/mailname
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu)
biff = no
# appending .domain is the MUA's job.
append_dot_mydomain = no
# Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings
#delay_warning_time = 4h
readme_directory = no
# TLS parameters
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.crt
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/smtpd.key
smtpd_use_tls = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache
# See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for
# information on enabling SSL in the smtp client.
myhostname = hosting.unila.ac.id
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
myorigin = /etc/hosting.unila.ac.id, localhost.unila.ac.id, localhost.localdomain, localhost
relayhost =
mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION"
mailbox_size_limit = 0
recipient_delimiter = +
inet_interfaces = all
inet_protocols = all
smtpd_sasl_local_domain =
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated,permit_mynetworks,reject_unauth_destination
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_CAfile = /etc/postfix/ssl/cacert.pem
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
|
Authentication will be done by saslauthd. We have to change a few things to make it work properly. Because Postfix runs chrooted in /var/spool/postfix we have to do the following:
<!– document.write('
‘); //–>
mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd
Now we have to edit /etc/default/saslauthd in order to activate saslauthd. Set START to yes and change the line OPTIONS=”-c -m /var/run/saslauthd” to OPTIONS=”-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r”:
vi /etc/default/saslauthd
# # Settings for saslauthd daemon # Please read /usr/share/doc/sasl2-bin/README.Debian for details. # # Should saslauthd run automatically on startup? (default: no) START=yes # Description of this saslauthd instance. Recommended. # (suggestion: SASL Authentication Daemon) DESC="SASL Authentication Daemon" # Short name of this saslauthd instance. Strongly recommended. # (suggestion: saslauthd) NAME="saslauthd" # Which authentication mechanisms should saslauthd use? (default: pam) # # Available options in this Debian package: # getpwent -- use the getpwent() library function # kerberos5 -- use Kerberos 5 # pam -- use PAM # rimap -- use a remote IMAP server # shadow -- use the local shadow password file # sasldb -- use the local sasldb database file # ldap -- use LDAP (configuration is in /etc/saslauthd.conf) # # Only one option may be used at a time. See the saslauthd man page # for more information. # # Example: MECHANISMS="pam" MECHANISMS="pam" # Additional options for this mechanism. (default: none) # See the saslauthd man page for information about mech-specific options. MECH_OPTIONS="" # How many saslauthd processes should we run? (default: 5) # A value of 0 will fork a new process for each connection. THREADS=5 # Other options (default: -c -m /var/run/saslauthd) # Note: You MUST specify the -m option or saslauthd won't run! # # See /usr/share/doc/sasl2-bin/README.Debian for Debian-specific information. # See the saslauthd man page for general information about these options. # # Example for postfix users: "-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd" #OPTIONS="-c -m /var/run/saslauthd" OPTIONS="-c -m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r" |
Next add the postfix user to the sasl group (this makes sure that Postfix has the permission to access saslauthd):
adduser postfix sasl
Now restart Postfix and start saslauthd:
/etc/init.d/postfix restart
/etc/init.d/saslauthd start
To see if SMTP-AUTH and TLS work properly now run the following command:
telnet localhost 25
After you have established the connection to your Postfix mail server type
ehlo localhost
If you see the lines
250-STARTTLS
and
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
everything is fine.
The output on my system looks like this:
root@hosting:/etc/postfix/ssl# telnet localhost 25
Trying 127.0.0.1…
Connected to localhost.localdomain.
Escape character is ‘^]’.
220 hosting.unila.ac.id ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu)
ehlo localhost
250-hosting.unila.ac.id
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
root@hosting:/etc/postfix/ssl#
Type
quit
to return to the system’s shell.
12. Courier-IMAP/Courier-POP3
Run this to install Courier-IMAP/Courier-IMAP-SSL (for IMAPs on port 993) and Courier-POP3/Courier-POP3-SSL (for POP3s on port 995):
apt-get install courier-authdaemon courier-base courier-imap courier-imap-ssl courier-pop courier-pop-ssl courier-ssl gamin libgamin0 libglib2.0-0
You will be asked two questions:
Create directories for web-based administration? <– No
SSL certificate required <– Ok
If you do not want to use ISPConfig, configure Postfix to deliver emails to a user’s Maildir*:
postconf -e ‘home_mailbox = Maildir/’
postconf -e ‘mailbox_command =’
/etc/init.d/postfix restart
*Please note: You do not have to do this if you intend to use ISPConfig on your system as ISPConfig does the necessary configuration using procmail recipes. But please go sure to enable Maildir under Management -> Server -> Settings -> EMail in the ISPConfig web interface.
13. Apache/PHP5/Ruby
Now we install Apache:
apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc apache2-mpm-prefork apache2-utils libexpat1 ssl-cert
Next we install PHP5 and Ruby (both as Apache modules):
apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5 libapache2-mod-ruby php5 php5-common php5-curl php5-dev php5-gd php5-idn php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-mhash php5-ming php5-mysql php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl
Next we edit /etc/apache2/mods-available/dir.conf:
vi /etc/apache2/mods-available/dir.conf
and change the DirectoryIndex line:
<IfModule mod_dir.c>
#DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.shtml index.cgi index.php index.php3 index.pl index.xhtml
</IfModule>
|
Now we have to enable some Apache modules (SSL, rewrite, suexec, and include):
a2enmod ssl
a2enmod rewrite
a2enmod suexec
a2enmod include
Reload the Apache configuration:
/etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload
In the next chapter (17.1) we are going to disable PHP (this is necessary only if you want to install ISPConfig on this server). Unlike PHP, Ruby is disabled by default, therefore we don’t have to do it.
14. Disable PHP Globally
(If you do not plan to install ISPConfig on this server, please skip this section!)
In ISPConfig you will configure PHP on a per-website basis, i.e. you can specify which website can run PHP scripts and which one cannot. This can only work if PHP is disabled globally because otherwise all websites would be able to run PHP scripts, no matter what you specify in ISPConfig.
To disable PHP globally, we edit /etc/mime.types and comment out the application/x-httpd-php lines:
vi /etc/mime.types
[...] #application/x-httpd-php phtml pht php #application/x-httpd-php-source phps #application/x-httpd-php3 php3 #application/x-httpd-php3-preprocessed php3p #application/x-httpd-php4 php4 [...] |
Edit /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf and comment out the following lines:
vi /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/php5.conf
<IfModule mod_php5.c> #AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .php3 #AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps </IfModule> |
Then restart Apache:
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
15. Proftpd
In order to install Proftpd, run
apt-get install proftpd ucf
You will be asked a question:
Run proftpd: <– standalone
For security reasons add the following lines to /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf (thanks to Reinaldo Carvalho; more information can be found here: http://proftpd.org/localsite/Userguide/linked/userguide.html):
vi /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
[...] DefaultRoot ~ IdentLookups off ServerIdent on "FTP Server ready." [...] |
ISPConfig expects the configuration to be in /etc/proftpd.conf instead of /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf, therefore we create a symlink (you can skip this command if you don’t want to install ISPConfig):
<!– document.write('
‘); //–>
ln -s /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf /etc/proftpd.conf
Then restart Proftpd:
/etc/init.d/proftpd restart
16. Webalizer
To install webalizer, just run
apt-get install webalizer
17. Synchronize the System Clock
It is a good idea to synchronize the system clock with an NTP (network time protocol) server over the internet. Simply run
apt-get install ntp ntpdate
and your system time will always be in sync.
18. Install Some Perl Modules Needed By SpamAssassin (Comes With ISPConfig)
Run
apt-get install libhtml-parser-perl libdb-file-lock-perl libnet-dns-perl
19. ISPConfig
The configuration of the server is now finished, and if you wish you can now install ISPConfig on it. Please check out the ISPConfig installation manual: http://www.ispconfig.org/manual_installation.htm
20. A Note On SuExec
If you want to run CGI scripts under suExec, you should specify /var/www as the home directory for websites created by ISPConfig as Ubuntu’s suExec is compiled with /var/www as Doc_Root. Run
/usr/lib/apache2/suexec -V
and the output should look like this:
root@hosting:~# /usr/lib/apache2/suexec -V
-D AP_DOC_ROOT=”/var/www”
-D AP_GID_MIN=100
-D AP_HTTPD_USER=”www-data”
-D AP_LOG_EXEC=”/var/log/apache2/suexec.log”
-D AP_SAFE_PATH=”/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin”
-D AP_UID_MIN=100
-D AP_USERDIR_SUFFIX=”public_html”
root@hosting:~#
So if you want to use suExec with ISPconfig, don’t change the default web root (which is /var/www) if you use expert mode during the ISPConfig installation (in standard mode you can’t change the web root anyway so you’ll be able to use suExec in any case).
If All Step already done, now you can browse and manage via web browser
ex https://hosting.unila.ac.id:81
If you get warning like this in your browser (Firefox)
Secure Connection Failed
An error occurred during a connection to hostname.net:81.
SSL received a record that exceeded the maximum permissible length.
(Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long)
The page you are trying to view can not be shown because the authenticity of the received data could not be verified.* Please contact the web site owners to inform them of this problem.
You can Follow this thread to Fix it
http://www.how2forge.org/forums/showthread.php?p=147988
default user : admin
default password : admin
